系统锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟叫撅拷目录2-小兵信息资讯网

Abstract: It is currently a very hot area of research for group behavior modeling. It is also an important need to be addressed by means of simulation in the social domain of modern war. Beginning with the pertinent concepts of group behavior modeling, the basic theory and basic methods and application of group behavior modeling were introduced comprehensively from the perspective of military operations research. Finally, the status of the current study of group behavior modeling was summarized from the overall.

Key words: group; group behavior; behavior modeling; war simulation

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基于OpenGL的仿人机器人步行仿真研究

宋薇1, 章亚男1, 见浪護2, 刘勖1

(1.上海大学机械工程与自动化学院, 上海 200072; 2.日本冈山大学自然科学研究科, 日本冈山 700-8530)

摘要：已有的仿真建模中，为了减少复杂性，大多将人足模型简化为点或圆弧，这与实际情况相差较远。在C++Builder 6.0环境下利用“Open GL”图形库建立了3D仿人型机器人双足步行仿真系统，用多关节串联机构模拟足部，实现包括由前脚掌支撑、足部转动的多种步态方式，并分析步行中各种步态间的转换，根据机器人脚跟、脚尖与地面接触状态的变化动态切换不同的步态方式，符合人足步行的实际情况，增强了机器人步行的灵活性与拟人性。该系统的控制部分采用位置反馈与正弦驱动相结合的行走控制方法，通过对人足模型的多关节动力学建模，有效地实现了机器人的稳定步行仿真，并实现了步行过程中的实时步态调整。

关键词：仿人机器人；Open GL；行走控制；步态切换；步行仿真

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0203-06

Bipedal Walking Simulation System Using OpenGL for Humanoid Robot

SONG Wei1, ZHANG Ya-nan1, MINAMI Mamoru2, LIU Xu1

(1. School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;

2. School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan)

Abstract: Foot model is usually considered as one point or a circle in most bipedal walking simulations for decreasing the modeling difficulty. However, such simulations are less persuasive because the foot model is much different from the real human foot. The dynamic model of a bipedal humanoid robot composed by multi-links was set up by using a graphic presentation software “Open GL” under C++ Builder 6.0 environment. Several different walking styles were analyzed that may exist in a walking sequence including the style of foot rotating with toes-contacting, to make the walking of the robot more like human beings. Switching among those styles depended on different contact situations between the foot and the ground. Control strategy for bipedal walking simulation utilized position feedback and sinusoidal input, and stable walking with dynamic walking styles changing was obtained in the simulation.

Key words: humanoid robot; Open GL; walking control; walking styles changing; walking simulation

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基于生产负荷率均衡的多供应商订单分配仿真

项薇, 宋法帅, 叶飞帆

(宁波大学机械工程与力学学院, 宁波 315211)

摘要：针对供应链下游企业面临向一个产业集群内多家供应商订购同一种产品的情况，分别从企业实际分配订单的情况及多个供应商之间的生产负荷率均衡方向考虑订单分配问题。基于生产能力及生产负荷率均衡分别建立了一个制造商对多个供应商的订单分配模型。考虑到企业实际运作过程中需求及生产能力的不确定性，通过离散系统仿真分析验证了基于生产负荷率均衡的分配策略不仅能从制造资源上保证订购企业下达的订单得以顺利完成，而且还有利于提升整个供应商群体的运作水平，进而实现整个供应链的优化。

关键词：生产负荷率均衡；多供应商；订单分配；仿真

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0209-07

Simulation on Production Load Equilibrium Order Allocation within Multi-suppliers

XIANG Wei, SONG Fa-shuai, YE Fei-fan

(Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)

Abstract: As downstream enterprises of the supply chain face to order the same kind of product within suppliers of an industrial cluster, the order allocation problem was studied respectively either based on the enterprise’s current adopted order allocation strategy or based on suppliers’ production load equilibrium strategy. Two order allocation models of a manufacturer with multiple suppliers based on the production capacity and production load equilibrium were proposed. Considering the uncertainty of demand and production capacity of enterprise actual operating process, the discrete system simulation was used to verify that the production load equilibrium strategy could not only guarantee the order’s lead time from the point of view of the available manufacturing resources, but also lead to promote the whole supplier group’s operation level, so as to realize the optimization of the entire supply chain.

Key words: production load equilibrium; multi-suppliers; order allocation; simulation

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基于信息-物理空间映射的智能空间建模方法

陈援非1,2, 朱珍民1, 鹿晓文1,2

(1.中国科学院计算技术研究所, 北京 100190; 2.中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100190)

摘要：智能空间由大量的具有计算能力的信息设备组成，这些设备是信息空间与物理空间的接口，体现了设备服务之间的互操作关系，更体现了物理世界中实体间的关系和规则。基于本体建模技术，采用信息-物理映射的建模方法，建立了智能空间模型，从而在反映物理世界及其规则的同时，利用这些规则为信息空间中设备服务的动态规划与重组提供依据。最后设计了基于信息-物理映射的服务规划方法，验证了这种建模方法的有效性。

关键词：普适计算；智能空间；本体；建模；服务路由

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0216-04

Modeling Method for Smart Space Based on Cyber-Physical Space Mapping

CHEN Yuan-fei1,2, ZHU Zhen-min1, LU Xiao-wen1,2

(1. Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract: Smart space is composed of numerous information devices with computing ability. Due to the heterogeneity of the devices, there are big obstacles for them to do interoperation and cooperation. In addition, information devices are the interfaces of information space and physical space which reflect the relations and rules not only between the device services but also between the entities in physical world. A modeling method was proposed based on the cyber-physical space mapping in smart space so as to reflect the physical world and its rules, and then guide device services routing and reorganization according to these rules. A cyber-physical space mapping based service routing method proves the validity of this modeling approach.

Key words: pervasive computing; smart space; ontology; modeling; service routing

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体系对抗仿真系统中通信连通性建模方法研究

闵涛, 赵锋, 杨建华, 李盾, 肖顺平

(国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院, 长沙 410073)

摘要：针对基于武器平台的体系对抗综合仿真系统中通信连通性功能的实际需求，给出了通信连通性模块的组成、功能及仿真流程，对其中的关键模型进行了分析研究，重点阐述了路径损耗计算和视野（FOV，Field Of View）判断模型。结合实例进行了仿真实验，仿真结果充分验证了模型和方法的有效性。通信连通性模块的研究开发为体系对抗仿真系统的实现奠定了基础，也可为电子信息系统及装备分析研究、研制与试验评估以及建模仿真等提供参考。

关键词：通信连通性；路径损耗；视野(FOV)；体系对抗仿真

中图分类号：TN91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0220-08

Communication Connectivity Modeling

for System-of-systems Combat Simulation System

MIN Tao, ZHAO Feng, YANG Jian-hua, LI Dun, XIAO Shun-ping

(Institute of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the practical requirements for the communication connectivity function in the system-of-systems combat simulation system based on weapon platforms, the construction, function and simulation flow of the communication connectivity module were proposed, and critical models were analyzed, and especially the path loss computation and FOV determining models were described emphatically. Simulation result verifies the efficiency. The successful exploitation of the communication connectivity module will supply the implementation of system-of-systems combat simulation system the basis, and will supply the analysis, research, development, evaluation, modeling and simulation of the electronic information systems and equipments with reference.

Key words: communication connectivity; path loss; field of view (FOV); system-of-systems combat simulation

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基于CPN仿真的排队系统建模及性能分析

方欢1,2, 陆阳1, 黄镇谨1, 魏臻1

(1.合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院, 合肥 230009; 2.安徽理工大学理学院, 淮南 232001)

摘要：排队网络模型是一种经典的性能分析模型，提出按照队列的输入过程、排队规则和服务机构三要素，将排队系统转换为层次颜色Petri网模型的建模规则，利用CPN Tools工具在模型中加入monitor监视器监视模型运行情况，使用Data Collector采集相关数据，进行队列模型的相关指标的性能分析和评价工作，最后给出基于仿真的建模与分析方法的一般操作步骤。这种建模和分析方法不需要对系统作任何的假设和限定，可以对模型的任何方面进行性能分析，扩展了传统排队系统的研究范围，具有很强的灵活性；一些扩展排队网络的建模和分析，如考虑服务台损坏和维修时间的扩展模型，只需对基础的排队网络稍加修改即可完成建模和性能分析，提高了模型的复用性；层次化的建模方法克服了基本Petri网组合状态爆炸的缺点，可以用于大规模的复杂排队系统。

关键词：排队系统；颜色Petri网；建模仿真；性能分析

中图分类号：TP302.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0228-07

Queuing System Modeling and Performance Analysis Based on CPN Simulation

FANG Huan1,2, LU Yang1, HUANG Zhen-jin1, WEI Zhen1

(1. School of Computer & Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;

2. College of Science, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China)

Abstract: Queuing network is a classic performance analysis model. According with three elements of entry process, queuing rules and servers in queuing, modeling rules transforming queuing system to hierarchical Colored Petri Nets were proposed. It added monitors to monitor the simulation state of the queuing model, and used Data Collector to collect corresponding data to further performance analysis and evaluation. Lastly, general modeling and analyzing steps of the method proposed were concluded for users. This modeling and analysis method based on simulation doesn’t impose any assumption and limitation to queuing system, it can perform all aspects analysis of a queuing system, and extends the study scopes of traditional queuing system, so it has large flexibility. The modeling and performance analysis of some extended queuing network, such as queuing model with breakdown and repairs time of servers, can be done directly from basic queuing network through only a few modifications, so it has great reusability. Hierarchical modeling method overcomes state explosion problem faced by basic Petri Nets, and it can be applied in large-scale complex queuing systems.

Key words: queuing system, Colored Petri Nets, modeling and simulation, performance analysis

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基于CPU-GPU异构机群的FDTD并行算法加速研究

邵宗有1,2, 王昭顺1, 刘新春3

(1.北京科技大学信息工程学院, 北京 100083; 2.曙光公司, 北京 100193; 3.无锡城市云计算中心有限公司, 无锡 214315)

摘要：时域有限差分法(FDTD)求解电磁学中麦克斯韦方程组是科学与工程计算中一个非常重要的算法。通过对FDTD求解麦克斯韦旋度方程的直接时间域的分析，给出其基于多个GPU组成异构机群系统上的并行加速算法，用OpenCL、CUDA和MPI编程模型实现了并行程序。在目前的主流NVIDIA和ATI的GPU平台上，加速的并行FDTD程序相对CPU串行程序和8个CPU核的MPI并行程序，分别获得了超过8倍和1.5倍的加速，并在多个GPU卡上获得了接近线性加速的扩展性能。

关键词：电磁场仿真；时域有限差分法；GPU；机群

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0235-06

Accelerating Parallel FDTD on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Cluster System

SHAO Zong-you1,2, WANG Zhao-shun1, LIU Xin-chun3

(1. School of Information Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;

2. Dawning Information Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, China; 3. Wuxi City Cloud Computing Center Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214315, China)

Abstract: Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) for computational electrodynamics modeling techniques is an important algorithm in scientific and engineer computing applications. Parallel FDTD algorithms of time-dependent Maxwell's equations were investigated, and accelerated algorithms on a CPU-GPU heterogeneous cluster system were proposed. The parallel FDTD program was implemented in a hybrid model of OpenCL, CUDA and MPI. In state of the art GPU processors from both NVIDIA and ATI, the accelerated FDTD achieves speedup of 8 times and 1.5 times over a serial program on one CPU core and parallel program on 8 CPU cores, respectively. The parallel hybrid program also achieves an approximate linear speedup with multiple GPUs.

Key words: computational electrodynamics modeling; Finite-Difference Time-Domain; GPU; cluster

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一种改进的相控阵雷达信号级建模与仿真方法

王象, 赵锋, 闵涛, 杨建华, 王国玉

(国防科学技术大学电子科学与工程学院, 长沙 410073)

摘要：传统的相控阵雷达信号级建模方法算法复杂，仿真模型计算量大、运行效率低，严重制约了信号级仿真的广泛应用，针对此问题，提出了一种改进的相控阵雷达信号级建模仿真方法，给出了改进后的信号级仿真模型，并据此构建了仿真系统，仿真验证结果表明，改进后的仿真系统计算效率明显提高，验证了建模方法和仿真模型的有效性、正确性，为相控阵雷达信号级仿真的广泛应用提供了支撑。

关键词：信号级仿真；加速；建模；雷达

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0241-05

Advanced Coherent Video Modeling and Simulation Method of Phased Array Radar

WANG Xiang, ZHAO Feng, MIN Tao, YANG Jian-hua, WANG Guo-yu

(School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)

Abstract: The traditional coherent video modeling method of phased array radars is complicated, the calculate efficiency is quite low, all of these problems are resistance to the application of coherent video simulation. Aiming at this problem, an advanced coherent video modeling method and simulation model of phased array radars was investigated, and then phased array radar coherent video simulation system was proposed. The simulation result verifies that calculation efficiency of simulation system is highly improved. All the work above proves the efficiency of modeling method including mathematical modules, which supports wide application of phased array radar coherent video simulation.

Key words: coherent video simulation; accelerate; modeling; radar

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作战构想协同标绘与演示系统设计研究

李苏军1,2, 战晓苏1

(1.军事科学院军事运筹分析研究所, 北京 100091; 2. 73311部队司令部, 晋江 362200)

摘要：传统作战构想标绘系统都是单用户标绘，标绘速度慢，修改和调整时间长，不能满足信息化条件下对作战构想快速标绘与演示的客观要求。针对上述问题，设计了一个计算机支持的作战构想协同标绘与演示系统。首先描述了系统的工作模式，然后对系统的体系结构和系统框架进行了设计；在此基础上，对其协同管理和标演行为的实现原理进行了概述；最后给出了并发控制策略及其算法，描述了数据传输过滤机制。该系统可解决多用户协同标绘与多视角演示的难题，有助于实现作战构想快速生成与演示。

关键词：作战构想; 协同标绘与演示; 控制策略; 设计

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0246-05

Design of Coordinated Plotting and Displaying System of Warfighting Envision

LI Su-jun1,2, ZHAN Xiao-su1

(1. The Graduate School of Military Operational Research and Analysis, Institute of Military Technology, Beijing 100091, China;

2. Army 73311, Jinjiang 362200, China)

Abstract: Since the traditional plotting system of warfighting envision is single-user mode, its plotting and revising time is long, therefore it is not able to meet the requirement of information age. In order to solve the above problems, a Coordinated Plotting and Displaying System of Warfighting Envision (CPDSWE) based on computer was designed. Firstly, the work mode of the CPDSWE was described. Secondly, the system architecture and framework were designed. Then, coordinated management, plotting action and displaying action was described. Finally, concurrent control polices and algorithm were given, the filtration mechanism of data transfer was described. Using the CPDSWE, not only the problems of multi-user collaborative plotting activities and multi-angle displaying can be resolved, but also the rapidly creating and displaying of warfighting envision can be realized.

Key words: warfighting envision; coordinated plotting and displaying; control strategy; design

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模拟细菌菌落进化过程的群体智能算法

李明

(西南林业大学机械与交通学院, 昆明 650224)

摘要：针对常规群体智能算法缺乏进化能力，存在易于陷入早熟收敛的不足，将问题的解空间视为细菌培养液，在其中放置单个或少量细菌个体，模拟细菌菌落的生长进化过程，提出一种新的群体智能算法。该算法本身具有进化机制，并且能够自然结束，从而为优化算法提出了一种新的结束准则。通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性，同时仿真实验结果还表明通过简单改进，算法可以达到全局最优。

关键词：群体智能; 细菌菌落; 优化算法; 进化机制

中图分类号：TP18 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0251-05

New Swarm Intelligence Algorithm Simulating Evolution Process of Bacterial Colony

LI Ming

(College of Machinery and Transportation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China)

Abstract: Traditional swarm intelligence algorithms lack of evolution ability and are easy to fall into premature convergence. Therefore, a new kind of swarm intelligence algorithm, called bacterial colony optimization (BCO) algorithm, was proposed. The solution space of the problem was considered as a certain culture medium. A single bacterium or a few bacteria were placed randomly in the space. The BCO algorithm was designed through simulating the evolution process of the bacterial colony. The BCO itself has a certain evolutionary mechanism and could be terminated naturally, which has given a new termination criterion for swarm intelligence algorithms. A series of simulation experiments on three test functions verify the effectiveness of the BCO algorithm. The simulation results show that the BCO algorithm can converge to the global optimization solution.

Key words: swarm intelligence; bacterial colony; optimization algorithm; evolutionary mechanism

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带集结区的协同航迹规划方法研究

陈昭1, 王长青2, 周其忠2, 傅阳光1, 周成平1

(1.华中科技大学图像识别与人工智能研究所多谱信息处理技术国家级重点实验室, 武汉 430074;

2.北京机电工程研究所, 北京 100074)

摘要：通过调控飞行器在各个航迹段的速度，提出了一种基于进化算法的带集结区的多飞行器协同航迹规划方法。该方法通过将协同时间误差引入进化算法的代价函数中，使得规划出来的航迹能够满足集结区的时间和空间约束，同时使得协同到达目标点时间误差尽可能小。仿真实验结果表明该方法能够达到很好的效果。

关键词：集结区；进化算法；速度调控；协同航迹规划

中图分类号：V448.22 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0256-04

Cooperative Route Planning Method with Rendezvous

CHEN Zhao1, WANG Chang-qing2, ZHOU Qi-zhong2, FU Yang-guang1, ZHOU Cheng-ping1

(1. National Key Laboratory of Science & Technology on Multi-spectral Information Processing,

Institute for Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;

2. Beijing Electro-mechanical Engineering Institute, Beijing 100074, China)

Abstract: Through adjusting the vehicle’s velocity of each section of the flight route, a multi-vehicle cooperative route planning method with rendezvous based on evolutionary algorithm was proposed. This method introduced cooperative time error of multi-vehicle into the cost function of evolutionary algorithm, which made route satisfying rendezvous’s restricts of time and space, and at the same time made the cooperative time error of reaching target reducing as small as possible. The results of simulation experiments show that this method can make good effect.

Key words: rendezvous; evolutionary algorithm; velocity adjust; cooperative route planning

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基于遗传算法的飞机定检原位工作流程优化

马登武1, 张勇亮2, 吕晓峰1, 王浩宇3

(1.海军航空工程学院, 烟台 264001; 2.海军航空工程学院, 烟台 264001; 3.大连舰艇学院, 大连 116018)

摘要：首次运用遗传算法优化飞机定检原位工作流程。针对原位工作流程约束条件多、组合优化困难的问题，建立了原位工作流程优化模型，根据工序约束条件的特点，提出了一种初始化种群的新方法，保证了初始种群中所有个体都满足工序约束条件，改进了基本遗传算法并运用其求解。仿真结果验证了算法的适用性及改进的有效性。

关键词：GA；飞机定检；原位工作；流程优化模型

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0260-05

Optimization of Plane's Primary Periodic Maintenance Workflow

Based on Genetic Algorithm

MA Deng-wu1, ZHANG Yong-liang2, LV Xiao-feng1, WANG Hao-yu3

(1. Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai 264001, China;

2. Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai 264001, China; 3. Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China)

Abstract: It is the first time to use Genetic Algorithm in the optimization of plane’s periodic maintenance primary workflow. Periodic maintenance primary workflow goes with many constraints and is hard to optimize, for which, the optimization model of primary workflow was built. According to the characteristics of the work sequence constraints, a new method to initiate the pop was proposed to ensure all of the individuals meet the work sequence constraints, and the Simple Genetic Algorithm was improved and used to solve the problem. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is useful and effective.

Key words: Genetic Algorithm; plane’s periodic maintenance; primary work; optimization model of primary workflow

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基于多特征标签相关性学习的图像自动标注

田枫1,2, 沈旭昆1, 杜睿山2, 周凯2

(1.北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100191;

2.东北石油大学计算机与信息技术学院, 大庆 163318)

摘要：在网络真实环境下的图像数据集上的大规模语义标注是一个研究难点。提出了一种基于多特征标签相关性学习的图像语义标注方法，针对真实环境下大规模图像集合进行自动标注。首先提取图像多种视觉特征，采用多标记学习方法在特定特征空间完成标注词相关性学习，得到每幅图像的单特征标注词相关度；然后采用一种动态阈值确定方法估计单个特征和标注词的相关度阈值；最终采用一种无监督组合方法融合多种特征标和标注词的相关性生成图像语义标签。通过互联网数据集上的测试表明了方法的有效性。

关键词：图像自动标注；标签相关性学习；语义标注；特征融合

中图分类号：TP391 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0265-05

Image Annotation Based on Multiple Feature Tag Relevance Learning

TIAN Feng1,2, SHEN Xu-kun1, DU Rui-shan2, ZHOU Kai2

(1. The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;

2. School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China)

Abstract: An image annotation method was proposed based on multiple feature tag relevance learning (MFTRL), which aimed at tagging large-scale image collections in real environment by analyzing the correlation between tags and images represented by multiple visual features. First, a multiple label learning method was utilized to generate the relevance of tags and images in specific feature space. Then, an optimal threshold was set for each tag and corresponding single feature. So the output of many tag relevance learners driven by diverse features could be combined in the manner of combining multi- feature tag relevance. The experiments over the internet image set demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate and stable.

Key words: image automatic annotation; tag relevance learning; semantic annotation; feature fusion

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基于浅水方程和物理引擎的大尺度水环境模拟

方超, 杨崇俊, 姚晓婧

(遥感科学国家重点实验室

(由中国科学院遥感信息科学重点实验室和北京师范大学遥感与地理信息系统研究中心联合组成), 北京 100101)

摘要：三维系统的真实感是虚拟地理环境和虚拟现实中的研究热点，水体也是其中的重要部分。水体的实时渲染技术众多，但往往缺乏交互性。针对大尺度水体，采用浅水方程实时计算水体的表面形态；同时引入物理引擎库，实时计算出与水接触的物体的浮力，通过物理引擎的更新和模拟，实现物体的沉浮效果。水体与物体间的交互性则体现在：一方面物体影响了水体表面的水位高程，改变了水体形态；另一方面，水体形态的改变影响物体与水体的接触面，改变了物体所受的浮力。本算法能广泛用于船舶运动模拟等应用中。

关键词：浅水方程；物理引擎；高度场；虚拟现实；虚拟地理环境

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0270-06

Simulation of Water Environment and Buoyancy

Based on Shallow Water Equations and Physical Engine

FANG Chao, YANG Chong-jun, YAO Xiao-jing

(State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (Jointly Sponsored by The Institute of Remote Sensing Applications

of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University), Beijing 100101, China)

Abstract: The sense of reality in 3D system has been a research hotspot in virtual geographic environment and virtual reality. The simulation of water is an important part in natural environment. In the past years, lots of technologies have been developed for real-time rendering of water, but often lack the interaction with other bodies. Shallow water equations were used to figure out the water surface. At the same time, the physical engine was introduced to calculate the buoyancy of any body in water and the real-time effect of buoyancy was realized. The bodies and water are interacted with each other. On one hand, the body affects the water level and changes the surface of water, and on the other, the changes of the water level affects the buoyancy on the body. The algorithm can be widely used for simulation of shipping.

Key words: shallow water equations; physical engine; height field; virtual reality; virtual geographic environment

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基于细分策略的几何图像方法

薛娟, 孔德慧, 张勇, 张娟

(北京工业大学计算机学院多媒体与智能软件技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124)

摘要：几何图像是一类规格化的三维几何模型表示方法，借助其图像阵列的几何表示形式，几何图像已成为有效地解决复杂三维几何数据压缩、传输及渲染等问题的重要工具之一。传统几何图像方法在网格参数化步骤中，会对三维模型的部分区域产生较大程度的拉伸，从而导致采样信息不够精细准确，致使重构模型产生误差。提出了一种基于自适应细分策略的几何图像生成方法，通过计算原始网格和重构网格的误差区域，采用基于自适应细分的重采样，以生成具有更高几何精度的几何图像，有效地提高了重构网格的精度。实验结果表明，该方法可以有效提高模型重构主观质量，重构模型PSNR值也有大幅度提高。

关键词：几何图像；重新网格化；参数化；自适应细分

中图分类号：TP391 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0276-04

Geometry Images Based on Subdivision

XUE Juan, KONG De-hui, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Juan

(Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology,

College of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

Abstract: Geometry image offers a simple and compact way of encoding the geometry of a surface and its implicit connectivity in an image-like data structure. It is useful in multiple applications because of its suitability for geometric compression, transmission, rendering, etc. Unfortunately, in the parameterizing step of generating geometry images, part of the three-dimensional model is stretched greatly. Then the regular resampling fails to capture the features on the surface and lead to reconstruction error. To solve this problem, a new geometry image method based on self-adaptive subdivision was proposed. By subdividing the mesh locally, an irregular resampling result could be obtained, which produced higher quality reconstructions. Experiments show that the method provides better results on both PSNR values and reconstructive quality.

Key words: geometry image; remeshing; parametrization; subdivision

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一种基于相对模型的分布式预测控制算法研究

王争1,2, 何玉庆1, 韩建达1

(1.中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所, 沈阳110016; 2.中国科学院研究生院, 北京100049)

摘要：针对分布式系统中高精度的相对状态比绝对状态更易获取的特点，提出了一种基于相对状态模型的分布式预测控制方法。该方法的本质是各子系统通过预测其与相邻子系统的相对状态轨迹来求解分布式最优控制问题。与常规基于绝对状态的分布式预测控制方法相比，该方法的特点在于通过相对状态模型的引进改进算法的实时性，并通过减少测量噪声源提高控制精度。该方法适用于一般非线性分布系统，且在满足一定条件下能够保证整个系统的渐近收敛性。最后，在Matlab仿真环境中将该方法应用于多机器人编队控制中，并验证的该方法的可行性。

关键词：分布式系统；预测控制；相对状态模型；多机器人系统

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0280-06

Distributed Receding Horizon Control Algorithm on Relative States

WANG Zheng1,2, HE Yu-qing1, HAN Jian-da1

(1. Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;

2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: In most applications of multiple distributed control problems, higher precise relative states are easier to be obtained compared to absolute states. Based on this, a new relative states based distributed receding horizon formation control method was designed. The proposed distributed control algorithm was implemented by online solving a nonlinear optimal control problem through predicting the relative states trajectory. Compared to the traditional distributed receding horizon control algorithm, the most attracting advantages of the proposed algorithm are 1) the reduced computational burden and 2) the control precision improvement due to introducing less measurement errors. Also, under some conditions, the convergence can be ensured for most of multiple distributed systems with nonlinear models. At last, the algorithm is used in multiple robot formation control system in Matlab simulation environment to verify the method.

Key words: distributed system; receding horizon control; relative state model; multiple robotic systems

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适用于异构QoS环境的伺机频谱接入策略设计

王凡1,2,3, 姚富强2, 赵杭生2, 冯少栋1,4, 张建照1,2

(1.解放军理工大学通信工程学院, 南京 210007; 2.总参第六十三研究所, 南京 210007;

3.中国人民解放军73682部队, 徐州 221006; 4.中国人民解放军96610部队, 北京 102208)

摘要：针对认知无线电网络(Cognitive Radio Network, CRN)中认知无线电(Cognitive Radio, CR)用户单信道伺机频谱接入问题，从既满足CR用户各异的QoS需求又不对主用户(Primary Radio，PR)产生干扰的角度，定义新的度量指标CRN有效吞吐量，并以CRN有效吞吐量最大为目标建立单信道伺机频谱接入模型。提出基于最小速率差额的接入策略，给出相应的信道和功率分配算法(Minimum Rate Gap-based Channel and Power Allocation，MRG-CPA)，并设计MAC协议以实现分布式接入。仿真结果表明，与现有的降序最佳适应算法、降序首次适应算法和基于最小速率需求的功率分配算法相比，MRG-CPA不仅提供较大的CRN有效吞吐量，并且提高CR用户QoS保证率。

关键词：认知无线电；单信道接入；伺机频谱接入；信道分配；MAC协议

中图分类号：TN915.01 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0286-07

Opportunistic Spectrum Access Strategy Design in Heterogeneous QoS Environment

WANG Fan1,2,3, YAO Fu-qiang2, ZHAO Hang-sheng2, FENG Shao-dong1,4, ZHANG Jian-zhao1,2

(1. Institute of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China;

2. The 63rd Research Institute of The General Staff, Nanjing 210007, China;

3. Troop No. 73682 of PLA, Xuzhou 221006, China; 4. Troop No. 96610 of PLA, Beijing 102208, China)

Abstract: Considering the scenario of cognitive radio Networks (CRN) single channel opportunistic spectrum access, a single channel opportunistic spectrum access model was established which provided CR QoS guarantee and also promised interference-free to primary radios (PR). The model aimed at maximizing the useful cognitive radio network (CRN) throughput which was a new metric defined. The minimum rate gap-based access strategy was proposed and the corresponding minimum rate gap based channel and power allocation (MRG-CPA) algorithm and MAC protocol was demonstrated. Simulation results show that MRG-CPA provides more useful CRN network throughput as well as improves the CR QoS guarantee rate than existing solutions such as the first Fit Deceasing algorithm, best fit deceasing algorithm and least rate requirement based channel and power allocation algorithm.

Key words: cognitive radio; single channel access; opportunistic spectrum access; channel allocation; MAC protocol

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带有色观测噪声的系统状态参数鲁棒估计

柳毅1,2, 赵振宇1,2, 丁全心1,2, 李建勋3

(1.中航工业洛阳电光设备研究所, 洛阳 471009; 2.光电控制技术重点实验室, 洛阳 471009;

3.上海交通大学, 上海 200240)

摘要：针对非平稳观测系统的噪声，考虑了白噪、色噪声和尖点噪声同时存在的情况，通过变形转化，将系统噪声表示成白噪的形式，首次给出了统一的观测方程。转化后的观测方程在色噪声ARMA辨识基础上，可以直接用于传统的卡尔曼滤波算法，避免了扩维滤波。于是状态参数的稳健估计归结为ARMA参数的辨识问题。通过鲁棒支持向量回归机辨识ARMA参数，根据噪声特性选择合适的损失函数自由参数，从而实现了ARMA参数的鲁棒辨识。

关键词：色噪声；鲁棒支持向量机；ARMA模型；鲁棒辨识

中图分类号：TN911.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0293-03

Robust State Estimation for Systems with Colored Measurement Noise

LIU Yi1,2, ZHAO Zhen-yu1,2, DING Quan-xin1,2, LI Jian-xun3

(1. Luoyang Institute of Electro-optical Equipment, AVIC, Luoyang 471009, China; 2. Science and Technology

on Electron-optic Control Laboratory, Luoyang 471009, China; 3. Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract: In practical application, the observation systems was influenced by white noise, colored noise and outliers. With transformation, a uniform measurement equation was derived by denoting the colored noise with white noise. Kalman filtering model for colored noise was proposed in order to avoid complicated computation and expansion of the dimension of the filter. The parameters of ARMA model were estimated by robust support vector regression (SVR), hence, the estimation error of ARMA model that resulted from noise and outliers was greatly decreased. Based on Kalman filtering model for colored noise and robust ARMA identification, robust state estimation for systems with unstable and colored measurement noise could be handled.

Key words: colored noise; robust-SVR; ARMA model; robust identification

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全闭环炮控伺服串级控制研究

李伟, 韩崇伟, 周文, 赵宇和

(西北机电工程研究所, 咸阳 712099)

摘要：针对传统全闭环炮控伺服系统因运动耦合难以实现快速、精确调炮问题，分析耦合产生原因，提出全闭环炮控伺服串级控制技术。将运动耦合视为对两个伺服控制通道的速度扰动，利用捷联惯导所测量的空间角速率作为反馈构成空间角速率环以控制调炮速率，抑制扰动影响。通过理论分析和仿真验证，其结果表明，全闭环炮控伺服串级控制技术能够有效地抑制扰动影响，使得伺服系统能够在较短的时间内达到系统所要求的稳态精度。

关键词：伺服系统；运动耦合；串级控制；捷联惯导

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0296-05

Study on Cascade Control for All Closed-loop Gun Control Servo

LI Wei, HAN Chong-wei, ZHOU Wen, ZHAO Yu-he

(Northwest Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xianyang 712099, China)

Abstract: It was difficult to adjust cannon rapidly and accurately in traditional all closed-loop gun control servo system because of the motional coupling. For this problem, the causes of the motional coupling were analyzed and the all closed-loop gun control servo cascade control technology was put forward. To control the adjust cannon angular rate and inhibit rate disturbance, motional coupling was regarded as the speed disturbance of the two servo control channels and the strapdown inertial navigation measured spatial angular rate was used as feedback to constitute spatial angular rate closed-loop. Through the theoretical analysis and simulation verification, the results show that all the closed-loop servo cascade control technology can effectively restrain the disturbance, and the servo system can achieve the cannon adjusting precision that the system required in a short time.

Key words: servo system; motional coupling; cascade control; strapdown inertial navigation

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基于自适应预测滤波的视线转率估计方法

谭丽伟, 殷兴良, 郭大勇

(北京电子工程总体研究所, 北京 100854)

摘要：针对空间目标拦截过程中，视线转率估计模型强非线性噪声非高斯的问题，提出了预测滤波与扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合的转率估计方法。该方法在线实时估计并修正系统模型，滤波同时引入自适应方法，在线调整模型的噪声方差。仿真结果表明，与无迹滤波相比，该方法计算量小、收敛速度快、对模型误差的鲁棒性强，可以有效提高视线转率的估计精度，进而提高制导精度降低脱靶量。

关键词：视线转率；非线性模型；模型预测滤波；扩展卡尔曼滤波；自适应

中图分类号：TJ765.331 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0301-06

Los Rate Estimation Based on Adaptive Predictive Filter

TAN Li-wei, YIN Xing-liang, GUO Da-yong

(Beijing Inst. of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the nonlinear mathematic of the model of the line of sight (LOS) rate and the unknown disturbance during the flying of the interceptor, model predictive filter (Model Predictive Filter, MPF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) were proposed to cooperate to estimate the LOS rate. In this method, model error would be estimated as part of the solution. In addition, an adaptive method was involved to solve the problem of the noise variance change. The simulation results show that compared to UKF this method needs less computation time and has better convergence and better LOS rate precision which has brought better guidance precision as a result.

Key words: LOS rate; nonlinear mathematics model; MPF; EKF; adaptive filter

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基于奇异摄动的最优滑翔制导律

胡锡精, 严卫钢, 黄雪梅

(北京控制与电子技术研究所, 北京100038)

摘要：针对高超声速滑翔式再入飞行器轨迹优化和制导关键技术，设计了一种新型的最优滑翔制导律。首先，通过对再入飞行器运动学、动力学状态变量变化特点的假定，将其进行三个快慢时间尺度的划分；然后，应用最优控制理论分别求解三个不同时间尺度上的子问题，得到其解析解；在此基础上，基于奇异摄动方法，设计出具有闭环反馈形式的最优滑翔制导律；最后，对所求制导律的有效性进行了数学仿真验证。仿真结果表明：该制导律能在三维空间内导引再入飞行器朝目标方向最远距离滑翔飞行；该算法得出的闭环解析解满足制导过程中实时计算需求，具有工程应用前景。

关键词：再入飞行器; 奇异摄动; 最优制导律; 高超声速滑翔; 三维

中图分类号：V448 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0307-06

Optimal Glide Guidance Based on Singular Perturbation

HU Xi-jing, YAN Wei-gang, HUANG Xue-mei

(Beijing Institute of Control and Electric Technology, Beijing 100038, China)

Abstract: A novel optimal glide guidance law was proposed for the purpose of developing the reentry trajectory optimization and guidance technology of a hypersonic glide-reentry vehicle. First, three time- scales separations were established based on the assumptions of the behaviors of state variables for a reentry vehicle. Then, through solving the three sub-problems by optimal control theory, analytical solutions were derived. Furthermore, the closed-loop optimal glide guidance law (COGGL) was created based on the singular perturbation method. Finally, the validity of the proposed guidance law was verified through numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that the COGGL assures maximum- range glide of the reentry vehicle for a three dimensional intercept. Also, the COGGL is potential to apply in engineering, because its closed-loop analytical solutions meet the need of onboard real-time calculations.

Key words: reentry vehicle; singular perturbation; optimal guidance law; hypersonic glide; three dimensional

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实时操作系统实时性能测试技术研究

吴讯, 马媛, 董勤鹏

(上海飞机设计研究院, 上海 200235)

摘要：实时性能是表征实时操作系统的最重要的性能指标。现代实时操作系统的多任务调度、内存管理、中断处理等机制对系统的实时性能带来了很大的影响。为了对实时操作系统的性能进行详尽的测试，需要对实时操作系统的实现机制进行深入的分析，确定系统的实时时钟精度，选择有代表性的实时性能指标，并制定各实时性能指标的性能测试方法。中断响应延迟是表征操作系统本身最基本的实时性能指标，影响着系统其它方面的实时性能。周期任务调度延迟与应用直接相关，是实时操作系统应用的最直接性能指标。根据中断响应延迟和周期任务调度延迟的产生机理，可以设计并完成实时操作系统的性能测试。

关键词：实时操作系统；中断响应延迟；周期任务调度抖动；性能测试

中图分类号：TP316.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0313-04

Research on Real-time Operating System Performance Measurement

WU Xun, MA Yuan, DONG Qin-peng

(Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 200235, China)

Abstract: Real-time performance is the most important parameter for real-time operation system (RTOS). Modern RTOS implementation mechanisms, such as multi-task scheduling, memory management, interrupt services, are the key factors that impact the real-time performance of RTOS. For the elaborate testing of RTOS real-time performance, analysis for the implementation mechanism of RTOS, real-time resolution determination, real-time criteria parameters selection and testing system setting up are necessary. Interrupt service latency is the basic parameter of RTOS, which effects other real-time performance of RTOS. Periodical task scheduling jitter has close relation to real-time application. According to the mechanism analysis of interrupt service latency and periodical task scheduling jitter, real-time performance testing of RTOS is implemented.

Key words: RTOS; interrupt service latency; periodical task scheduling jitter; performance measurement

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非精确概率下基于证据理论的典型系统可靠性模型

锁斌, 程永生, 曾超, 李军

(中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所, 绵阳 621900)

摘要：当系统的各个单元的失效概率为不精确概率时，传统的概率方法难以使用，而区间分析法等非概率方法得到的结果则比较粗糙。基于证据理论，建立了非精确概率下串联、并联、串并混联、k-out-of-n等典型系统的可靠性模型，利用信任函数和似然函数、根据证据推理，将单元可靠性中的不确定性传递到顶层系统，从而得出系统失效概率和可靠度的概率分布的上下界。实例分析表明，提出的方法能较好的处理可靠性计算中的不精确信息，且比区间分析法得到的有效信息更多。

关键词：可靠性; 不确定性; 非精确概率; 证据理论

中图分类号：TB114.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0317-05

Reliability Model of Typical Systems for Imprecise Probability Using Evidence Theory

SUO Bin, CHENG Yong-sheng, ZENG Chao, LI Jun

(Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China)

Abstract: In the situation that unit failure probability is imprecise when calculation the reliability of system, classical probability method is not applicable, and the analysis result of non-probability method is too coarse. To calculate the reliability of series-parallel systems in the above situation, D-S evidence theory was used to represent the unit failure probability. Belief and plausibility function were used to calculate the reliability of series and parallel systems by evidential reasoning. By this mean, lower and upper bounds of probability distribution of system failure probability were obtained. Simulation results show that the proposed method is preferable to deal with the imprecise probability in reliability calculation, and can get additional information when compare with interval analysis method.

Key words: reliability; uncertainty; imprecise probability; evidence theory

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基于加权BBV网络的手机短信息传播研究

苏义鑫, 廉城

(武汉理工大学自动化学院, 武汉 430070)

摘要：研究手机短信息的传播规律和传播特点，以便更好地利用手机这种新的信息传播媒体。在BBV加权网络的基础上结合实际中人们转发短信息的特点和叶克斯-多德逊法则给出了手机短信息转发概率的定义，定义了网络中节点存在的4种状态，并在此基础上建立了手机短信息传播模型；对手机短信息的传播过程进行了模拟，分析了影响短信息传播的因素，提出了短信息转发效率的概念。模拟结果表明：初始信息源的点强度大小不会影响短信息的传播广度；短信息的转发效率同传播速率并不成正比；短信息的传播没有递阶动态行为。

关键词：复杂网络；手机短信息；计算机模拟；信息传播；加权网络

中图分类号：N949 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0322-05

Dissemination Model of Mobile Phone Short Messages Based on BBV Weighted Networks

SU Yi-xin, LIAN Cheng

(School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

Abstract: The objective of the research is to make better use of mobile phones, a new medium of information dissemination, by studying its rules and characteristics. On the ground of BBV weighted networks, the study defined information transmission probability and 4 states of nodes in it in light of its characteristics in daily use and Yerkes-Dodson Law. And a new model of cell phone information dissemination was established. By simulating the dissemination process, the research analyzed the factors influencing the dissemination and put forward the concept of short message transmission efficiency to illuminate its efficiency. The results show that, the intensity of the initial source message has no effect on the range of dissemination; transmission efficiency is disproportional to transmission rate; and short message dissemination has no hierarchical dynamic behavior.

Key words: complex networks; cell phone information; computer simulation; information dissemination; weighted networks

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基于响应面法的空降车缓冲气囊参数优化研究

洪煌杰, 王红岩, 郝贵祥

(装甲兵工程学院机械工程系, 北京 100072)

摘要：提出了应用响应面法对空降车气囊缓冲系统的参数进行优化的方法。通过建立车体-气囊非线性有限元模型，选择缓冲气囊的排气孔面积以及排气孔开启压力作为优化变量，将车体冲击加速度峰值最小作为优化目标，采用析因设计和中心组合设计两种试验设计方法并运用最小二乘法进行二阶多项式方程的参数估计，建立二阶响应面模型。然后利用遗传算法进行优化求解。优化前后气囊缓冲特性的对比结果表明，优化后车体冲击加速度峰值减小了23.8%，气囊的缓冲性能有显著提高。

关键词：缓冲气囊；参数优化；有限元模型；响应面法

中图分类号：TJ811.91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0327-06

Research on Parameter Optimization of Airbags for Airborne Vehicle

Base on Response Surface Methodology

HONG Huang-jie, WANG Hong-yan, HAO Gui-xiang

(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072, China)

Abstract: A method was described, which optimized parameters of airbags for airborne vehicle using response surface methodology. A nonlinear finite element model of hull and airbags was established. On this base, area and unsealing pressure of vent of airbags were chosen as optimization variable, while minimizing the maximal impact acceleration of hull was optimization objective. Factorial Design, Central Composite Design and least squares techniques were used to estimate the parameter of the second-order polynomial equation. Then second-order response surface model was established. After optimization process using genetic algorithm, the optimum solution was attained. The comparison result between cushion characteristics fore and after optimization shows that after optimization the maximal impact acceleration of hull is decreased by 23.8%. The cushion performance of airbags is observably improved.

Key words: airbag; parameter optimization; finite element model; response surface methodology

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基于频率和张量投票的图像去噪及仿真研究

柳婵娟1,2, 钱旭1, 厉彩霞2

(1.中国矿业大学机电与信息工程学院, 北京 100083; 2.鲁东大学信息与电气工程学院, 烟台 264025)

摘要：结合人的视觉原理，基于图像局部梯度定义了一种图像频率，以图像频率代替全变分模型中的梯度。同时，把张量投票原理引入全变分模型，构造了一个图像结构显著性函数，代替变分模型中的拉格朗日乘子，根据图像不同区域的结构特征，去调节变分模型中正则项和保真项的作用，建立了一种基于频率的张量投票与全变分能量最小化结合的纹理图像去噪新方法。仿真实验数据表明，该模型比其他已有的全变分模型具有明显的抗干扰能力，能够更准确、精细地刻画图像边缘、特征结构和平滑区域，克服了其他全变分模型所产生的阶梯效应和过平滑现象，特别是对于纹理特征丰富和低信噪比的图像，在去除噪声的同时能较好地保持边缘及其他重要特征。

关键词：偏微分方程；全变分；张量投票；图像频率；纹理图像去噪

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0333-07

Simulation Research of Image Denoising Based on Frequency and Tensor Voting

LIU Chan-juan1,2, QIAN Xu1, LI Cai-xia2

(1. School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China;

2. School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Lu Dong University, Yantai 264025, China)

Abstract: Combining with human vision principle, firstly, an image frequency based on image local gradient was defined in the purpose of replacing the gradient in the traditional total variation (TV) model, and then tensor voting principle was introduced into the TV model and an image structure saliency function was given to replace the Lagrange multiplier , which could adjust the regularizing term and fidelity term according to the different areas of image structure features, therefore, a novel texture image denoising model integrating tensor voting and total variation minimization was constructed. Its simulation experiment results show that, compared with other existing TV approaches, the new model has an obvious anti- jamming capability and can accurately and subtly describe the sharp edges, feature structures and smooth areas, and can overcome staircase effect and over-smoothing generated by other TV models. Especially for those images with rich texture features and low signal to noise ratio (SNR), it can remove the noise while preserving significant image details and important characteristics and improve the image denoising effect.

Key words: partial differential equation (PDE); total variation; tensor voting; image frequency; texture image denoising

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基于RTWT的锅炉硬件在回路仿真系统开发

柏艳红, 赵志娟, 孙志毅, 李虹

(太原科技大学电子信息工程学院, 太原 030024)

摘要：设计了RTWT下数据采集卡驱动程序，解决了实现多通道模拟量输入驱动的关键技术问题，包括通道和增益设置的实现、FIFO废数处理、多通道A/D转换实现等。在此基础上，针对锅炉控制系统，应用Matlab/RTWT工具箱，开发了硬件在回路实时仿真软件平台，该平台不仅能够方便地更替控制算法，还能进行人机交互。实验测试结果表明，所设计的驱动程序及所搭建的硬件在回路仿真平台能够可靠运行。

关键词：硬件在回路仿真; 数据采集卡; 驱动程序; Matlab/RTWT; 锅炉控制系统

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0340-06

Development of Hardware-in-Loop Simulation System for Boiler Based on RTWT

BAI Yan-hong, ZHAO Zhi-juan, SUN Zhi-yi, LI Hong

(School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

Abstract: Drivers for the adopted data acquisition card were designed in RTWT (Real-time Windows Target). And the schemes to solve the key technical issues of multi-channel analog input were proposed, including changing channel number or gain, treating useless FIFO data, accomplishing multi- channel A/D conversion and so on. On this basis, the Hardware-in Loop real-time simulation platform for the boiler control system was developed using Matlab/RTWT tool. With the proposed platform, not only can the control algorithms be replaced easily, but also human-computer interaction can be conducted. Lots of testing experiments were carried out, and the results indicate that the designed card drivers and the established Hardware-in Loop simulation platform can work reliably.

Key words: Hardware-in-Loop simulation; data acquisition card; driver program; Matlab/RTWT; boiler control system

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基于FFT的土壤电阻率测量方法研究与仿真

朱勇1,2,4，王秀芳3，能昌信1，王振翀4

(1.中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所, 北京 100012; 2.阜阳师范学院物理与电子科学学院, 阜阳 236041; 3.济宁职业技术学院电子信息工程系, 济宁 272037; 4.中国矿业大学机电与信息工程学院, 北京 100083)

摘要：传统的土壤电阻率测量是基于土壤导电的瞬时特性进行的，捕捉不到测量过程中因供电电流激励引起的电阻率变化，影响了检测结果的准确性。为此，提出一种基于信号处理的土壤电阻率测量方法。采用低频交流激励，采集包含土壤电阻率变化过程的多周期信号，进行处理后得到电阻率，保证测量结果的真实性。对土壤电阻率的室内测量系统进行了仿真，直观地观察了测量电极对电流密度的扰动，研究了激励电流的频率、幅值及供电时间对测量结果的影响，比较了传统测量方法和新方法的仿真测量结果。仿真结果表明，提出的方法能够较为准确地测量土壤的电阻率，提高了测量的稳定性。

关键词：土壤；电阻率；快速傅里叶变换；测量；仿真

中图分类号：P631; TP391 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0346-05

Research and Simulation of Soil Resistivity Measurement Method Based on FFT

ZHU Yong1,2,4, WANG Xiu-fang3, NAI Chang-xin1, WANG Zhen-chong4

(1. Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;

2. School of Physics and Electronics, Fuyang Teachers College, Fuyang 236041, China;

3. Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jining Vocational Technology College, Jining 272037, China

4. School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract: The traditional method of soil resistivity measurement is based on the transient characteristics of soil electrical conductivity, the soil resistivity change caused by incentive of the current can’t be caught, and the accuracy of the test results hase been affected. Based on signal processing, a new measurement method for soil resistivity was put forward. To ensure the authenticity of the measurement results, in the case of low frequency AC excitation, the multi-cycle signal containing the changes of resistivity was collected, the resistivity was acquired after the signal was processed. By the simulation of soil resistivity laboratory measurement system, the disturbance of current density caused by measuring electrodes was observed visually, the measurement results under different frequency, amplitude and power supply time of excitation current were researched, furthermore, was compared with traditional methods. Simulation results show that soil resistivity measurement results are accurate and stable by proposed method.

Key words: soil; resistivity; FFT; measurement; simulation

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符合AUTOSAR规范的汽车电子系统的交易级建模研究

程米, 李仁发, 李蕊, 谢勇

(湖南大学信息科学与工程学院, 长沙 410082)

摘要：汽车开放系统架构有助于复杂的汽车电子软件的开发、管理及维护，交易级建模在较高抽象层次对系统进行建模，提高了建模速度。针对基于AUTOSAR的软件设计流程，采用SystemC语言及其提供的时间行为和硬件仿真核，进行交易级建模层次化设计和通信细化。重点分析了AUTOSAR描述语言和SystemC语言之间的相似点，并且设计了AUTOSAR环境到SystemC虚拟原型设计的转换过程。结果表明，这种建模方案能有效地实现符合AUTOSAR规范的汽车电子系统的仿真，仿真速度快，有利于系统设计早期阶段验证及性能分析。

关键词：AUTOSAR；交易级建模；汽车电子系统；嵌入式软件

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0351-05

Research on Transaction-level Modeling

for Automotive Electronics Systems Conforming AUTOSAR Specification

CHENG Mi, LI Ren-fa, LI Rui, XIE Yong

(College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)

Abstract: AUTOSAR contributes to the development, management and maintenance of complicated automotive electronics software. Transaction-level Modeling builds the model of a system at a higher level of abstraction and improves the modeling speed. For AUTOSAR-based software flow, SystemC Language and the time behavior and hardware simulation kernel were used, which offered to design in hierarchy and communication refinement by Transaction-Level Modeling method. The similarities between AUTOSAR descriptive language and SystemC language were discussed, and the conversion process from AUTOSAR environment to SystemC virtual prototype was designed. The results show that the modeling scheme can realize the simulation on automotive electronic systems conforming AUTOSAR specification, and the simulation speed is fast and it is conducive to the verification and performance analysis of the early stages of design.

Key words: AUTOSAR; transaction-level modeling; automotive electronics systems; embedded software

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箔条对毫米波末制导雷达波束的切割效应研究

曲长文1, 李亚南2

(1. 海军航空工程学院电子信息工程系, 烟台 264001；2. 91919部队, 黄冈 438000)

摘要：毫米波制导雷达具有很高的跟踪精度和分辨率，箔条在对其进行质心干扰过程中，效果受切割程度的影响较大。对飞机、箔条云和导弹分别建模，在考虑跟踪波束对飞机或箔条云“主动”切割的基础上，从几何学和运动学的角度深入研究了箔条切割效应的具体过程并加以仿真，得到了较为准确的质心运动轨迹，比较分析考虑切割效应与否时质心运动的区别，得出了相应的结论：箔条对毫米波制导导弹进行质心干扰时，切割效应很大的影响了质心运动的具体轨迹，从某种程度上决定了质心干扰成功与否。

关键词：毫米波；切割效应；几何学；运动学；建模仿真

中图分类号：TN972 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0356-05

Research on Incision Impact Against Millimeter Wave Terminal Guidance Radar

QU Chang-wen1, LI Ya-nan2

(1. Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai 264001, China; 2. Unit 91919 of PLA, Huanggang 438000, China)

Abstract: Millimeter guided radar has a good tracking accuracy and resolution. In the process of chaff' centroid jamming against missile, and the effect of jamming was highly affected by the degree of the incision. The models of plane, chaff cloud and missile were built, and on the consideration of tracking beam's initiative incision to plane or chaff cloud, the detailed process of chaff's incision impact was specifically researched and simulated from the angle of geometry and kinematics, through which the more correct moving track of centroid could be gotten. Comparing and analyzing the differences whether the incision effect was considered, the conclusion could be summarized as follows: When chaff centroid jamming is against millimeter guided missile, the incision effect affects the centroid's moving track a lot, and to some extend, it decides whether the centroid jamming succeeds.

Key words: millimeter wave; incision impact; geometry; kinematics; modeling and simulation

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大体积混凝土底板预埋钢管施工的仿真分析

李慧1，蔡文明2，杜永峰1,2

(1.兰州理工大学西部土木工程防灾减灾教育部工程研究中心, 兰州 730050;

2.兰州理工大学防震减灾研究所, 兰州 730050)

摘要：大体积混凝土结构裂缝的产生主要是由水泥水化热引起的温度应力和温度变形引起的。分层浇筑施工具有较好的降温效果，而在分层浇筑之前预埋呈一定形状布置的垂直钢管则具有更好的降温效果。采用ANSYS有限元软件分别模拟某大体积混凝土底板在施工期预埋垂直钢管与不预埋垂直钢管的分层浇筑过程，并将这两种工况下的温度场和温度应力场进行比较，得出了预埋呈梅花形布置垂直钢管的具体降温效果，为相关大体积混凝土施工温度裂缝控制提供参考。

关键词：大体积混凝土；温度应力；预埋垂直钢管；分层浇筑施工；ANSYS仿真

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0361-06

Simulation of Placing Vertical Steel Tubes in Massive Concrete Foundation

During Layered Construction Period

LI Hui1, CAI Wen-ming2, DU Yong-feng1,2

(1. Western Center of Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Univ. of Tech, Lanzhou 730050, China;

2. Institute of Earthquake Protection and Disaster Mitigation, Lanzhou Univ. of Tech, Lanzhou 730050, China)

Abstract: The cracks in massive concrete structures are mainly caused by the thermal stress and thermal strain due to hydration heat of cement. Layered construction can reduce the temperature obviously, but it can more obviously reduce temperature if placing some vertical steel tubes with some form in massive concrete structures before construction. The thermal field and thermal stress field were studied when massive concrete structures were placed on vertical steel tubes which form was like a plum blossom during layered construction period by ANSYS finite element calculation software. And compared with the data of not placing vertical steel tubes, the steel tubes’ specific effect of reducing temperature was obtained, and some suggestions were listed for the reference in practical projects.

Key words: massive concrete; placing vertical steel tubes; temperature stress; layered construction; ANSYS simulation

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组合杆式穿甲弹的侵彻能力仿真分析

吴群彪, 沈培辉, 刘荣忠

(南京理工大学机械工程学院, 南京 210094)

摘要：设计了一种由钨合金和碳化钨组成的新的组合杆式穿甲弹结构，运用有限元仿真软件对其侵彻半无限钢靶的能力进行仿真分析，发现其在侵彻靶板过程中能够出现结构自锐现象。仿真结果表明组合杆式结构穿甲弹的侵彻能力优于单杆式钨合金穿甲弹。并分析了组合杆式穿甲弹中的钨合金和碳化钨两种弹芯的直径比变化对侵彻的影响，得出在不同着靶速度段对应着不同的最优直径比，此结论能够应用到工程实际中。

关键词：组合杆；结构自锐；钨合金；碳化钨；直径比

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0367-04

Simulation Analysis on Penetration Ability of Composite Rod Penetrator

WU Qun-biao, SHEN Pei-hui, LIU Rong-zhong

(School of Mechanical Engineering, NJUST, Nanjing 210094, China)

Abstract: A new composite rod penetrator composed of tungsten alloy and tungsten carbide was designed. Simulation analysis of the composite rod penetrator penetrating semi-infinite armor steel target was made by using the finite element simulation software. The phenomenon of structure self-sharpening was found during the penetration process. Simulation results verify the penetration ability of composite rod penetrator is better than that of homogenous rod penetrator. Subsequently, a conclusion was given by analyzing the diameter ratio change of tungsten alloy and tungsten carbide in composite rod penetrator. The conclusion is that different impact speed segments are corresponding to different optimal diameter ratios which can be applied to engineering practice.

Key words: composite rod; structure self-sharpening; tungsten alloy; tungsten carbide; diameter ratio

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UUV内、外环肋加强耐压壳体强度与稳定性分析

朱信尧1, 宋保维1, 王鹏1, 单志雄2

(1.西北工业大学航海学院, 西安 710072; 2.中国船舶重工集团公司第705研究所, 西安 710075)

摘要：在限定最大外径为534mm的条件下，利用数学模型理论计算和Ansys数值仿真计算两种方法对水下航行器（UUV）环肋加强圆柱耐压薄壳进行了强度及稳定性分析，得到了内、外肋骨形式的径向位移、应力值和失稳临界压力，并对内、外肋骨形式的结果进行了分析比较。在此基础上，计算了壳体直径对强度及稳定性的影响情况并对扣除直径影响的内、外肋骨加强形式的强度及稳定性进行了分析比较。分析结果表明，在一定外压下，内肋骨有较强的应力集中现象，外肋骨形式的强度及稳定性较好；但是，在除去壳板最大直径限制的影响后发现，内肋骨和外肋骨形式的强度及稳定性相差较小，外肋骨形式并没有明显的优势。

关键词：内环肋; 外环肋; 耐压壳体; 强度; 稳定性; 无人水下航行器

中图分类号：U661.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0371-06

Strength and Stability Analysis of UUV’s Cylindrical Shell

Stiffened by Inside and Outside Rings

ZHU Xin-yao1, SONG Bao-wei1, WANG Peng1, SHAN Zhi-xiong2

(1. College of Marine Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 China;

2. The 705th Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Xi’an 710075, China)

Abstract: With the limitation of maximum diameter 534mm, in order to compare the qualities of shells stiffened by inside rings and outside ones, strength and stability of the shells stiffened by inside and outside rings were analyzed and radial displacement, stress and instability critical pressure were gotten using two kinds of methods, simplified mathematical models and numerical simulation adopting the software of Ansys. On the basis of this, the impact of shell diameter on strength and stability was calculated and the qualities of the shells stiffened by inside and outside rings were analyzed without the effect of diameter. The results show that the strength and stability quality of the shell stiffened by outside rings is better than the inside ones and the shell stiffened by inside rings has a stronger stress concentration. However, when the effect of maximum diameter limitation is removed, the difference of quality between the outside and inside ring-stiffened shells is very small.

Key words: inside rings; outside rings; pressurized cylindrical shell; strength; stability; Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

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面向虚拟机的分布式系统测试分析框架

王宇新1, 刘玮1, 郭禾2

(1.大连理工大学计算机科学与技术学院, 大连 116023; 2.大连理工大学软件学院, 大连 116023)

摘要：为了克服分布式系统测试中测试行为分散、结果数据难以统一等问题，设计开发了分布式系统测试分析框架，同时为使框架更好的应用在虚拟机系统之中，并满足在虚拟机性能优化和异常探测中需要模拟特定运行环境的需求，在框架中实现了虚拟机特征场景模拟器(CSSVM)部件，采用Analyzer-Manager-Worker架构，并提供扩展开发接口以方便场景扩充。以网络设备密集使用场景为例进一步探讨了CSSVM部件的功能和特点。最后，在Xen上使用该场景对框架进行了测试，结果表明方案具有较高的实用性和可用性。

关键词：分布式系统；性能评价；虚拟机；特征运行场景；模拟器

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0377-06

Distributed System Test and Analysis Framework for Virtual Machine

WANG Yu-xin1, LIU Wei1, GUO He2

(1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;

2. School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

Abstract: In order to overcome the contradiction between dispersion of test behavior and the requirement for concentration of test result in distributed system analyzing, a test and analysis framework for distributed system was designed. Meanwhile, in order to make the framework work well for the virtual machine systems and meet the requirements about the simulation of the system running environments for virtual machines’ performance optimization and anomaly detection, an extensible component named Characteristic Scenarios Simulator for Virtual Machine (CSSVM) was developed. The simulator took an Analyzer-Manager-Worker structure and provided an extensible development framework with API. The scenario of high workload of Network device was illustrated to explain the functions and features of the framework. And finally, the tool was verified in Xen, and the experimental results show its practicality, availability and expansibility.

Key words: distributed system; performance evaluation; virtual machine; characteristic scenarios; simulator

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管道充气排液工况下气液两相流数值模拟研究

姜俊泽1, 张伟明1, 李正阳2

(1.后勤工程学院军事供油工程系, 重庆 401311; 2.后勤工程学院研究生五队, 重庆 401311)

摘要：为了获得管道充气排液过程的两相流动状态，采用VOF模型对管道充气排液工况进行了数值模拟研究。模型考虑了液体表面张力、壁面粘附力，流体粘度，管壁粗糙度以及气体可压缩性效应，并采用结构化网格和自适应网格加密技术，对两相界面进行了跟踪，观察了这一工况下的气液两相混合及界面变化过程，分析了充气过程中不同时刻的管道内压力分布、气相体积分数、管流摩阻和能量交换情况，得到了这一工况下气液两相的流动特征。模拟结果也表明，在进行适当的网格划分和参数设置，VOF模型可以用于非自由表面的有压流动的数值模拟。

关键词：管道；充气排液；气液两相流；VOF模型；瞬态数值模拟

中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0383-06

Mathematic Simulation on Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow of Pipe Pigging by Gas Condition

JIANG Jun-ze1, ZHANG Wei-ming1, LI Zheng-yang2

(1. Department of Military Petroleum Supply Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China;

2. Postgraduate Group Five, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China)

Abstract: Based on the deeply analyzing the simulation method, VOF model was employed to research gas-liquid two-phase flow of the pipe pigging process, taking surface tension, wall adhesion, the viscosity of the liquid, the wall’s roughness and the gas compressibility into consideration. The simulation took unobstructed mesh and mesh decipherment technology to trace the gas-liquid interface and the gas-liquid interface mixture and variation processes were obtained. Then, The pressure distribution, gas volume percentage, two-phase flow friction and the energy transformation at different moment were analyzed. The results show that VOF model could be used to the numerical simulation of non-free surface two phase flow.

Key words: pipe; pigging with gas; gas-liquid two-phase flow; VOF model; transient mathematic simulation

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光伏系统最大功率点快速判断和跟踪方法

王义飞1, 吴伟1, 杨宇2, 吴春华2

(1.上海大学物理系, 上海 200444; 2.上海大学机电工程与自动化学院, 上海 200072)

摘要：从光伏电池基本输出特性入手，通过分析电池的电流电压关系曲线以及相应的理论计算，提出了一种新的最大功率点快速判断和跟踪方法，该方法不仅可以直接进行最大功率点跟踪，还可以作为多步长扰动观察法的步长选取依据。通过算法仿真比较和实验验证，证实了该方法无论是在环境突然变化还是在缓慢变化的情况下，均能够迅速的锁定和跟踪最大功率点，并且以其步长自调节功能弥补了扰动观察法输出功率容易振荡的不足。

关键词：Matlab/Simulink仿真; 变步长; 最大功率点跟踪; 光伏系统

中图分类号：TP.391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-731X (2013) 02-0389-05

Novel Method of MPP Tracking in Photovoltaic System

WANG Yi-fei1, WU Wei1, YANG Yu2, WU Chun-hua2

(1. Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;

2. School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China)

Abstract: An improved method to track MPP (maximum power point) in photovoltaic systems was proposed. This method based on the analysis of photovoltaic model and its output characteristics could adjust the step size automatically and determinate the tracking directions. The matlab simulation and experiment results show that this method has improved the speed and accuracy compared with P&O method in different cell operation conditions.

Key words: matlab/simulink simulation; variable step; maximum power point tracking; photovoltaic system


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